Peter Higgs and his “weak force elementary particle”.

By Josuè Mendez

God’s creation secret reveled as a “weak force elementary particle” by a professor.

Peter Higgs was born on May 29 in 1929, Newcastle. For a long time he worked in the question that many scientific was and are figuring out about the structures of laps of the universe and how can galaxies and its components can be held together.  His early life pass upon Tyne in the United Kingdom, graduated with honors in his class, got the first place in Physics, and thanks to his agility in it, Higgs will be reaching in the upcoming years, the point of existence of the vacuous particle.

 In July 16, 1964, he checked some new research papers and foretold the occurrence of the scalar particle that is essential for our understanding of three out of the four forces of nature. 

The first one being gravitation, the one that pulls you down into your seat, towa­rd the Earth's center. Second, electromagnetism interacts in you­r computer monitor or telephone, which is responsible for generating the light that allows you to read the screen. The third force is nuclear, that holds the nucleus of atoms together. Fourth force is weak, responsible for radioactive decay, between protons and neutrons, making a fundamental contribution to physics with major consequences for our understanding of the origins of the universe. 

When Peter Higgs, was finally able to show the world his idea of a new particle, he was rejected at his first try. It wasn’t until the second time that his idea was accepted after further examination, as it was also in question to be rejected. This then caused a division of ideas giving him chance that catapulted Higgs to be the front man of the disparate band. By August 1965, Higgs took a sabbatical, getting a close relationship with his family. While Jody was heavily pregnant, allowing him to get a job at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with the same idea in his mind, he kept working on those days, coincidentally, about a critical moment in the birth of the Universe. As famous as he was, the fame put a new stress on his family life. The following years, he faced plenty of problems such as getting divorced, being psychologically unstable, having a car accident, and facing financial problems. The divorce cost him the financial stability that had underpinned his discoveries because of the alimony he had to pay. His accident led him to become depressed allowing him to relieve from the contents of his wallet. Higgs had decided to give up chasing glory and devoted himself to teaching.

Finally, on the 4^th of July, 2012 in Switzerland, it was announced in a specialized laboratory the discovery of the Higgs boson, a subatomic particle, and the explanation of a an idea not about a hoary God creating the universe in six days, or talking about a magical "big bang" that splattered matter across the cosmos, but in fact about the idea of that the matter made up of little tiny bits that are made up of even tinier bits, none of which actually have any mass. 

In other words, the whole universe is made up of nothing or is made up from the “God particle”, the particle that a man who has gone throughout a tough life, with the idea of this subatomic particle that somehow interacts with other subatomic particles in a way that changes their energy into mass. On the other hand, “God particle” is also a confirmation of the non-existence of God, but a careful examination of the situation that reveals the opposite as being true. Someone answers the physics question about creation, and is, in his unassuming way to paint and imagined a vast fact where Higgs needed nothing more than himself and a sharpened pencil to its appropriate end of the particle formula. Now his elusive name has the power to change the world.

Nelson Mandela- a hero of peace

 By Xiomara  Pineda                      

Nelson Mandela... a tough and humble man

Was born on July 18, 1918 in the small village of Mvezo, on the Mbashe River district of Umata in Transkei, South Africa. His birth name is Rolihlahla. He got the nickname Nelson from a teacher in school.                                                                          Nelson Mandela´s father was Henrry Mphakanyishwa and his mother was Nosekeni Fanny Mandela. Mandela's father had four wives. Mandela was born to his third wife.

Nelson was a member of Thimbu royalty and his father was chief of the city of Mvezo. In 1943 Mandela began law studies at the University of                               Witwatersrand and he finished his carrer in 1949.

At Witwatersrand, Mandela got his law degree and would meet some of his fellow activists against apartheid. In 1952 Mandela opened the first Black Law firm in South Africa. Transvaal Law society tried to have it closed down, although this was blocked by the South African Supreme Court.

       He was a civil rights leader in South Africa. At first he pushed hard for the congress and the protesters to follow Mohandas Gandhi's non-violence approach. However, he was classified as a terrorist by the South African government.

In 1963 the South African Government sent him to prison. His prison sentence brought international visibility to the anti-apartheid movement as he stayed 27 years in prison. He served a good portion of his life in prison for his protests. He was finally released through International pressure in 1993.

Once released from prison, Nelson continued his campaign to end apartheid. On July 16, 1991 Mandela was appointed president of South Africa. He was the first black president in the history of South Africa. There were several times during the process where violence threatened to break out. Nelson was a strong force in keeping the calm and preventing a major civil war. 

In 1993 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime (political discrimination), and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa.

 

On December 16, 1997 he announces his retirement from CAN and politics. Nelson Mandela was the most significant black leader in South Africa. He decided to fight against discriminations and injustices of his race.


biography.com/people/nelson-mandela

Michael Phelps-The “sea-earth” man

By Josuè Mendez

The “sea-earth” man given birth by world nature.

A boy named Michael Fred Phelps was born in the month when the roses first bloom, on June 30th, 1985 in Baltimore, Maryland. Having been “luckily” diagnosed in his youth, with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is seen as a lucky fact. He grew up in the neighborhood of Rodgers Forge, a warm and caring community with his father, Fred who was a complete athlete and a state trooper and his mother Debbie, a dedicated middle-school principal. It did not take long for his parents to divorce in 1994. Michael and his siblings moved in with their mother, with whom Michael had a very close relationship. 

 With the opportunity to start swimming, his sisters, Whitney and Hilary, with only seven and five years of difference in age, joined a local swimming team when Phelps was only seven years old. Reasons to join included the influence of his sisters and the need to provide himself with an outlet for his restless energy. Being afraid to get inside the water, his instructors allowed him to float around on his back and surprisingly in a rush he mastered the first stroke, “the backstroke”.

 It was just a push after he saw the swimmers Tom Malchow and Tom Dolan in the competition at the 1996 Summer Games in Atlanta, when he began to dream of becoming a champion. He launched his swimming career at the Loyola High School pool, and began training at the North Baltimore Aquatic Club at the Meadowbrook Aquatic and Fitness Center. The coach immediately recognized his talents and fierce sense of competition and began an intense training hand to hand; by 1999 Phelps had made the U.S. National B Team. 

Phelps became the youngest American male swimmer at an Olympic Game in 68 years. Even though he didn't win a medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, he would soon become a major force in competitive swimming by being 6 foot 4 inches tall and weighting around 185 pounds (84 kg), 14 inch feet and 6ft 7in arm reach, which is 3 inches longer than his height. He has relatively short legs for his height, which gives him an additional advantage in the pool. His knees are double-jointed and his feet can rotate 15 degrees more than average, allowing them to be straightened fully so that his mighty feet can act like flippers. In addition, his heart pumps 30 liters of blood each minute to his muscles, which is double the amount of the average adult male. He also produces only one third of the lactic acid that the average swimmer does, meaning that he does not suffer from muscle burn during intensive exercise like his competitors do. These genetic advantages help him to kick off from the wall and propel himself like a dolphin.

 His advantage allowed him to win 33 World Championship Medals, 26 of those being Gold. Over his swimming career, he established 39 world records. Phelps has been claimed to be the greatest Olympic athlete of all time, because of this, he received the name, “the human dolphin“. 

By 2012, he had reach four gold medals and two silvers at the London Olympics, which he said will be his final swimming. Phelps retires with myriad Olympic records, including twice as many gold as anyone else (18) and 22 medals overall, four more than anyone else in any sport.

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